{"product_id":"mach-wave-and-acoustical-wave-structure-in-nonequilibrium-gas-particle-flows","title":"Mach Wave and Acoustical Wave Structure in Nonequilibrium Gas-Particle Flows","description":"\u003cp\u003eIn this Element, the gas-particle flow problem is formulated with momentum and thermal slip that introduces two relaxation times. Starting from acoustical propagation in a medium in equilibrium, the relaxation-wave equation in airfoil coordinates is derived though a Galilean transformation for uniform flow. Steady planar small perturbation supersonic flow is studied in detail according to Whitham's higher-order waves. The signals owing to wall boundary conditions are damped along the frozen-Mach wave, and are both damped and diffusive along an effective-intermediate Mach wave and diffusive along the equilibrium Mach wave where the bulk of the disturbance propagates. The surface pressure coefficient is obtained exactly for small-disturbance theory, but it is considerably simplified for the small particle-to-gas mass loading approximation, equivalent to a simple-wave approximation. Other relaxation-wave problems are discussed. Martian dust-storm properties in terms of gas-particle flow parameters are estimated.\u003c\/p\u003e","brand":"Cambridge University Press Bookshop","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":56669834215810,"sku":"9781108964883","price":18.0,"currency_code":"GBP","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0475\/2031\/7597\/files\/9781108964883i.jpg?v=1779716906","url":"https:\/\/www.cambridgebookshop.co.uk\/products\/mach-wave-and-acoustical-wave-structure-in-nonequilibrium-gas-particle-flows","provider":"Cambridge University Press Bookshop","version":"1.0","type":"link"}